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英语表达进阶柯桥成人英语培训

更新时间:2024-04-02 10:29:28 浏览次数:16次
区域: 绍兴 > 柯桥
类别:英语口语培训
地址:蓝天市心广场2幢501室

01

flourish

《经济学人》中有篇文章讲了“科技时代”,里面有这么一句话:

But there is a realistic possibility of a new era of innovation that could lift living standards, especially if governments help new technologies to flourish.

但是,一个新时代确实有可能来临——在这个时代,创新可以提高生活水平,尤其如果政府能帮助新技术大展拳脚的话。

flourish 在这里是个比喻手法,它本义是指植物“茁壮成长”,引申为 develop quickly 的意思,可译为“繁荣、昌盛”,形容事物发展。举个例子:

The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.

经济繁荣,小企业蒸蒸日上。

从写作角度看,说起“政府支持某行业”,我们也许时间会想到 support,但以后我们可以模仿文章用 help...to flourish 表示,更加新颖、形象、生动。

在读外刊中,我们不能只停留在“读懂”这层面,还要去思考,看到好词好句,想想自己原本会怎么说,而作者是怎么说的,相互一对比,就能看出文中语言的巧妙了,日积月累,自己的土味表达就会慢慢变得洋气。

02

thrive

《南华早报》(South China Morning Post)中有篇文章讲到了中国教育的内卷化,文中有这么个句子:

The Ministry of Education last week established a new department to supervise the thriving tutoring sector which trains large numbers of Chinese students from kindergarten through high school outside school hours.

校外教培行业蓬勃发展,从幼儿园到高中,大批中国学生的课外时间都被校外补课占据。教育部在上周成立了一个新部门以监管校外教培行业。

thrive 本义是指植物的“茁壮成长”,在实际使用中常比喻企业、经济、科技、行业的“迅速发展”,和 flourish 的含义、用法一样,皆可替换 develop rapidly,我们在17期“饭圈文化”的写作中就用过这个词:

If well-organized, fan circles can be a force for good by helping their idols survive and thrive, as well as donating money and relief supplies in the name of their idols when disaster happens.

其形容词 thriving 则是“兴旺发达的、蓬勃发展的”意思,也可以同 flourishing 或 budding 替换:

These passionate people are members of what are labelled as fanquan, namely “fan circles”, used to describe fan groups devoted to celebrities, particularly budding pop icons.

thrive, flourish, bud(thriving, flourishing, budding)这三对词可以积累到一起,都是用表示植物生长发育的词语来表达“发展”的含意,而且自带比喻效果。

03

weed out

《经济学人》中有篇文章分析了“口罩”对经济的影响,文中有这么一句话:

At least the epidemic has helpfully “weeded out” weak or dodgy companies, Ms Zhang notes.

张同学指出,这场流行病至少帮助“剔除”了实力不济或不可靠的公司。

weed 作名词表示“杂草”,这里作动词表示“除草”;out自带“向外”的方向,所以合起来 weed out 则表示像除杂草一样,尤指淘汰不合格的人或物,可以替换 get rid of.

看一个《老爸老妈的浪漫史》里的句子:

图片

04

prune

英国《卫报》里有篇文章讨论了英国北方城市的发展,里面有这么一个句子:

I have heard rumours this week that the government is looking to prune back elements of the HS2 scheme, which will close down options for HS3.

本周有传言称政府正考虑削减HS2计划的内容,此举将关闭HS3的选项。

prune 本义是 to cut off some of the branches from a tree, bush, etc. so that it will grow better and stronger,即“修剪树枝”,如:

He pruned the longer branches off the tree.

他把较长的树枝剪掉了。

此外,prune 也可以引申为“删除、削减”的意思,相当于 remove,如:

The company is pruning staff in order to reduce costs.

公司为了降低成本正在裁员。

The original version of the text has been pruned quite a bit.

原稿被删节掉很多。

prune 还有个常见搭配:prune back,意思和 prune 一样:

The company has pruned back its workforce by 20,000 since 1989.

公司自1989年以来已裁员两万人。

05

germinate

《经济学人》曾为美国作家 Norman Mailer(诺曼·梅勒)写了一篇讣告,里面有这么一句话:

How, despite the critical bile spewed over much of his fiction, he still had germinating in him the Great American Novel that would out-Tolstoy Tolstoy and out-Dickens Dickens.

在许多作品饱受愤怒批评的情况下,他如何写出了 比托尔斯泰更托尔斯泰、比狄更斯更狄更斯的伟大美国小说。

bile 是一个正式说法,意思是 anger or hatred “怒气、忿恨”。

spewed over much of his fiction 是过去分词形式的后置定语,修饰 bile。其中 spew 表示“喷射”。

“out-”前缀表示“超过、胜过”,比如 outnumber 数量比…多,outwit 比…聪明,文中 out-Tolstoy 和 out-Dickens 则是“超越托尔斯泰”“超越狄更斯”的意思。

germinate 本义是指植物“发芽,萌芽,开始生长”,常比如某个念头、想法、感觉在头脑中形成、萌发,看两个例句:

An idea for a novel began to germinate in her mind.

一部小说的构思已经在她的脑海中萌发。

The idea of setting up his own company began to germinate in his mind.

他头脑里萌生了自己开公司的想法。

06

sprout

英国作家扶霞在《鱼翅与花椒》一书中描述了自己初到成都时的感受,书中是这么写的:

When I first knew Chengdu, there were only two high-rises in the city – the Minshan Hotel and the People’s Department Store – and even they weren’t very high. Now, new buildings were sprouting up like bamboo shoots after rain.

刚到成都的时候,城里只有两栋高楼:岷山饭店和蜀都大厦,而且就连这两栋楼也没那么高。现在,新的建筑都雨后春笋般地冒了出来。

sprout 既可以作名词也可以作动词,作名词指“苗、新芽”,作动词指“发芽、抽芽”,如:

The seeds will sprout in a few days.

这些种子几天后就会发芽。

sprout 由“抽芽”进一步引申出“突然大量出现、大量冒出”,也可以说 sprout up,如:

Office blocks are sprouting up everywhere.

到处都有办公大楼冒出来。

07

shed

shed 是指“脱落”,动物蜕皮、植物落叶,都用这个词,看两个例句:

The trees were starting to shed their leaves.

这些树开始落叶了。

As it grows, a snake will regularly shed its skin.

蛇在成长的过程中会定期蜕皮。

shed 的使用范围很广,可以和很多词语搭配,比如 shed employees,表示“裁员”,看一个《纽约时报》里的例句:

Other companies have shed employees or closed shop altogether.

其他公司已裁员或关店。

shed traditions 表示“摆脱传统、抛弃传统”,看一个《纽约时报》里的例句:

He said that immigrants had to shed traditions like forced marriages if they wanted to live in Britain and that they needed to learn to speak English and adopt "British norms".

他说,移民如果想在英国生活,就必须摆脱强迫婚姻等传统,他们需要学会说英语,接受“英国规范”。

还有 shed worries,表示“摆脱忧虑”,《纽约时报》里有篇文章讲了旅游的意义,里面有这么一句话:

The idea is to shed the worries of your life and restore your energy to face them again.

这个想法是为了摆脱生活中的烦恼,恢复精力以便再次面对。
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